OIL & PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.
CRUDE OIL
Mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons that is refined into kerosene, gasoline, diesel/gasoil, fuel oil, LPG and thousands of other products called petrochemicals.
GASOIL EN590 (10 ppm & 50 ppm)
Gasoil is a hydrocarbon oil also called Diesel. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel, are increasingly being developed and adopted.
GASOLINE RON 87 to 95
Gasoline or petrol is a derivative product of crude oil. Different additives are added like ethanol to use it as fuel for passenger vehicles. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives.
Ladder
In the case of hydrocarbons, the octane number increases in the following order (outdated nomenclature from the petroleum industry in parentheses): long-chain linear alkanes (paraffins) < short-chain linear alkanes (paraffins) < alkenes (olefins) and cycloalkanes (naphthene's) < branched alkanes (isoparaffins) (e.g., iso-octane, octane number = 100) and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene, octane number = 120).
Different indices
We typically define three indices: the “research” octane number or RON (English: research octane number); the “motor” octane number or MON (English: motor octane number); the anti-knock index, or anti-valve recession index (ARS), or AKI (English: anti-knock index). The search index RON corresponds to a simulation at low speed (600 rpm), the engine index MON is one at higher speed (900 rpm). At the pump in Europe, the RON index is indicated2. The AKI anti-rattle index is the average of the two previous ones: AKI = (RON + MON)/2 This is the index that is used in North America.
Octane Number
The octane number therefore expresses the ability of gasoline to resist self-ignition (in a spark ignition engine). High octane gasoline will not (or only slightly) ignite in the combustion chamber until the spark plug produces a spark.
JET FUEL Grade A-1
Aviation fuels are petroleum-based fuels, or petroleum and synthetic fuel blends, used to power aircraft. They have more stringent requirements than fuels used for ground use, such as heating and road transport, and contain additives to enhance or maintain properties important to fuel performance or handling. They are kerosene-based (JP-8 and Jet A-1) for gas turbine-powered aircraft. Piston-engine aircraft use leaded gasoline and those with diesel engines may use jet fuel (kerosene).[1] By 2012, all aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force had been certified to use a 50-50 blend of kerosene and synthetic fuel derived from coal or natural gas as a way of stabilizing the cost of fuel.
Jet fuel is a clear to straw-colored fuel, based on either an unleaded kerosene (Jet A-1), or a naphtha-kerosene blend (Jet B) Like diesel fuel, it can be used in either compression ignition engines or turbine engines.
Jet-A powers modern commercial airliners and is a mix of extremely refined kerosene and burns at temperatures at or above 49 °C (120 °F). Kerosene-based fuel has a much higher flash point than gasoline-based fuel, meaning that it requires significantly higher temperature to ignite. It is a high-quality fuel; if it fails the purity and other quality tests for use on jet aircraft, it is sold to ground-based users with less demanding requirements, such as railroads.
ENQUIRIES
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